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Eradicating H. pylori can prevent gastric cancer, says Nobel laureate
સમાચારમાં કેમ?
A stomach bacterium won a Nobel and may prevent cancer: the H. pylori facts Prelims Science tests
A Nobel laureate links H. pylori treatment to cancer prevention.
Why it matters: factual, Prelims-type
What you need to know
2 મિનિટ
Nobel laureate Barry Marshall has said eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection can prevent gastric cancer.
Marshall and Robin Warren won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for showing that the bacterium causes gastritis and peptic ulcers.
સ્રોત: Topper IAS editorial (PIB / The Hindu / Indian Express)
મુખ્ય તથ્યો
Remember these
- Barry Marshall and Robin Warren won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- They showed Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and peptic ulcers
- Marshall says eradicating H. pylori infection can prevent gastric cancer
- H. pylori is a bacterium that colonises the human stomach lining
- Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm (Sweden), except the Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo
પ્રિલિમ્સ · મેઇન્સ
How the exam will ask it
પ્રિલિમ્સ
- Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium, not a virus, and is linked to gastritis and peptic ulcers.
- Barry Marshall and Robin Warren received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering its role in these diseases.
- Eradicating H. pylori infection is associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer.
મેઇન્સ
GS3 Science & Technology (Health): a bacterial infection once blamed on stress is now linked to gastric cancer, so treating it is a preventive strategy. Screening and eradication of H. pylori can lower cancer burden, but it needs diagnostic capacity, antibiotic stewardship against resistance and public health awareness. The way forward is targeted screening in high-risk groups integrated with primary healthcare and cancer programmes.
Quick recall
Answer before you reveal
The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, recognised the discovery of the role of which organism in gastritis and peptic ulcers?
- Vibrio cholerae
- Salmonella typhi
- Helicobacter pylori
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
જવાબ જુઓ
જવાબ: C — Correct: Helicobacter pylori — Marshall and Warren showed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, which won them the 2005 prize. • Vibrio cholerae — wrong: Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an intestinal infection, and was not the subject of the 2005 prize. • Salmonella typhi — wrong: Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever and was not the organism behind the 2005 prize. • Mycobacterium tuberculosis — wrong: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis and was identified by Robert Koch, not by the 2005 laureates.
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